As is
In the condition in which the subject matter is. This expression is used when goods, or a ship, are offered for sale without repair or rectification.
As is, where is
In the condition in which the subject-matter is and at the place where it is lying. This expression is used where goods or a ship, are offered for sale without repair or rectification and with delivery to the purchaser being at the place where the goods are lying.
ASEAN
Association of south-east Asian Nations
ASF
Asian Shipowners'' Forum
ASG
Acetyls Sector Group. A sector group of the Association of Petrochemicals Producers in Europe (APPE). For more information, click here.
Ash
Carbonaceous residue produced by burning crude oil and petroleum products. The industry tests fuels and other hydrocarbon mixtures in order to determine how much of this combustion by-product will form in ordinary use of its products. Refiners and others also use ash yield to deduce the presence of metallic soaps, abrasive solids, and other ash-causing contaminents in hydrocarbon mixtures.
Asphalt
A mixture of heavy carbon-based compounds containing a high percentage of multiple-ring aromatics, many of them involving sulfur, nitrogen, and oxygen atoms. Some folks use the word, asphalt, interchangeably with bitumen, the name of its characteristic constituent.
Asphalt cement
A derivative, nearly or completely solid at room temperature, of certain crude oils. This black, tarry material usually comes from vacuum residue. It has several industrial applications. Pavers heat it to liquid form and mix in gravel to make road surface materials called blacktop, macadam, tarmac, or "asphalt". Builders use it to make and join bricks, to coat roofs, and to form shingles. It glues together various manufactured goods.
Asphalt/Bitumen Tanker
A tanker for the bulk carriage of asphalt/bitumen at temperatures between 150 and 200 deg C
Asphaltenes
Complex molecules which reveal their ring-structures by dissolving in aromatic liquids but not in paraffins. These compounds may influence the burning and blending characteristics of residual oils, if present in sufficient concentrations. They contribute to the high melting temperature and adhesion of bitumen and asphalt cement.
ASPW
Any Safe Port in the World
Assay
An elaborate laboratory report describing in detail the quality of grades of crude oil. The data presented includes, among other items, density, sulfur, naphthenicity, pour point, viscosity, distillation, and information on the quality of individual fractions. They tell a refiner what products he can make from a specific crude.
Assignment
A term commonly used in connection with a bill of lading. It involves the transfer of rights, title and interest in order to assign goods by endorsing the bill of lading.
Associated gases
Associated gas is an emulsion produced from saturated crude oil (a) Behind a vessel (b) Move in a reverse direction.
Astern
Behind a vessel. Move in a reverse direction.
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials. An organization which determines and publishes consensus standards of suitability and quality for a wide variety of materials including petroleum and refined products. ASTM develops and endorses methods of testing hydrocarbons properties as well as definitive specifications for such classes of refined product as fuel oils, aviation kerosene, burning kerosene, and motor gasoline.
At Loggerheads
An iron ball attached to a long handle was a loggerhead. When heated it was used to seal the pitch in deck seams. It was sometimes a handy weapon for quarrelling crewmen.
ATA
Actual Time of arrival
ATD
Actual time of departure
ATDN
Any Time Day or Night. Term used in a time Charter-Party to signify that the shipowner may deliver the ship or that the charterer may redeliver the ship, as the case may be, at any time of the day or night and not necessarily during normal working hours. This term is very often followed by SHINC (Sundays and holidays included).
ATDNSHINC
Any Time Day or Night Sundays and Holidays Included. Term used in a time Charter-Party to signify that the shipowner may deliver the ship or that the charterer may redeliver the ship, as the case may be, at any time of the day or night and not necessarily during normal working hours. This term is very often followed by SHINC (Sundays and holidays included).
Athwartships
A direction across the width of a vessel.
ATL
Atlantic Ocean. The Atlantic Ocean and the ports and seas surrounding it, including the eastern seaboard of the United States and Canada, the U.S. Gulf and Caribbean Sea, the northern and eastern coasts of South America, the North Sea, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
Atlantic basin
The Atlantic Ocean and the ports and seas surrounding it, including the eastern seaboard of the United States and Canada, the U.S. Gulf and Caribbean Sea, the northern and eastern coasts of South America, the North Sea, the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea.
Atmos
Abbreviation of atmospheric-pressure distillation, as in atmos bottoms and atmos gasoil.
Atmospheric corrosion
Corrosion with the earth's atmosphere at ambient temperature as the corrosive environment
Atmospheric corrosion test
Field trials in the atmosphere
Atmospheric distillation
A technique for separating hydrocarbon mixtures which uses distillation apparatus operated at atmospheric pressure. Generally, the industry specifies ambient pressure to distinguish products of crude distillers, atmospheric fractions, from the products of vacuum flashers which, as the name implies distill atmospheric residue in a partial vacuum.
Atmospheric gasoil
The heaviest product boiled by a crude distillation unit operating at atmospheric pressure. This fraction ordinarily sells as distillate fuel oil, either in pure form or blended with cracked stocks. In blends atmospheric gasoil, often abbreviated AGO, usually serves as the premium quality component used to lift lesser streams to the standards of saleable furnace oil or diesel engine fuel. Certain ethylene plants, called heavy oil crackers, can take AGO as feedstock.
Atmospheric residue
The portion of crude oil taken as a bottoms product in a crude distillation unit which operates at atmospheric pressure under several other names apply to this product including atmos (atmospheric) reside, atmos bottoms, atmospheric fuel oil long reside, straight-run heavy fuel oil and topped crude.
Atom
The smallest unit into which matter can be divided without the release of electrically charged particles, and also the smallest unit of matter that cannot be decomposed into simpler substances by ordinary chemical processes. Hence the atom is the basic building block of chemistry. Atoms, also called chemical elements, can combine with one another to form compounds.
ATRS
American Tank Rate Schedule
ATS
Actual Time Saved or All time saved. Term used in a voyage charter party to define one method by which despatch money is calculated, that is, by deducting time used for loading and/or discharging, as the case may be, from a theoretical time up to the expiry of laytime which includes excepted periods, for example a charterer may be allowed 10 days for loading. He calculates the expiry of laytime taking, account of excepted periods such as weekends, and arrives at a theoretical number of calendar days, say 15. Should he only use four laydays to load, he is entitled to II days despatch money.
ATSB or ATSBE
All time saved both ends
ATSDO
All time saved discharging only
Attack Vessel, Naval
A combat vessel which is designed for high speed with a limited weaponry for rapid attack manoeuvres
ATUTC
Actual Times Used to Count
Auditing
The process carried out to assess the operating standards of a company or a business and the degree of compliance.
Auto Oil programme
A technical work programme launched in 1992 by the European Commission and in which the European automobile and oil industries participated. The aim of this programme was to assess the most cost-effective measures for reducing emissions from the road transport sector to a level consistent with the EU air quality standards. Several petrochemical sectors have been involved in this process. Some measures have already been implemented; a further set of restrictions will be implemented by 2005.
Automated Identification System (AIS)
It is a system used by ships and Vessel Traffic Service (VTS) principally for the identification and the locating of vessels. AIS provides a means for ships to electronically exchange ship data including: identification, position, course, and speed, with other nearby ships and VTS stations.
Availability
A quantity of crude or product a supplier could sell
Average to Laytime
As a voyage charterer, to offset the time used in loading cargo against that used in discharging for the purpose of calculating demurrage or despatch. If, for example, a charterer earns five days despatch at the loading port but there is a period of three days demurrage at the discharging port, the charterer has a net claim for two days despatch money.
Aviation gasoline
High-grade motor fuel blended to meet the requirements of piston-type aero plane engines. This specialty product differs in all critical respects from aviation turbine fuel (jet).
Aviation turbine fuel (ATF)
The fuel burned by aero planes jet engines. Civilian aircrafts consumes a kerosene-range product variously known as jet kero, jet A-1, avtur, DERD-2494, and JP1. Warplanes needed special fuels. Two military grades, JP-4 and JP-5 fall within the common notion of AFT.
Avoirdupois Pound
Same as 0.4535924277 kilograms.
AWB
Air waybill : Shipping document specifying terms for the courier and instructions for the airline.
AWES
Association of Western European Shipbuilders
AWH
Available workable hatches
AWIWL
Always Within Institute Warranty Limits
AWRI
Additional War Risk Insurance
AWTSBE
All working time saved both ends
AWTSDO
All working time saved discharging only
AWTSLO
All working time saved loading only
AWWL
Always within Institute Warranties Limits (Insurance purpose).
B
Bale (used for cargo capacity)
B TO B
Both to blame (collision clause)
B.D.S.
Brokers daily statement
B.H.(range)
Range of ports between and including Bordeaux & Hamburg
B.O.
Broker's Order or Buyer's Option
B.P.
Between Perpendiculars or Boiling Point
B.S. & W.
Bottom (or base) sediment and water
B/D
Bar draught or Banker's draft or Barrels per day
B/E
Bill of Exchange or Bill of Entry
B/H
Bordeaux/Hamburg range of ports or Barrels per hour
B/P
Bill payable or Brake power
B/R
Bordeaux/Rouen or Bill Receivable
B/S
Bill of Sale or Bill of Store or Boiler Survey
BA
British Admiralty or Buenos Aires or Bale (cap. of vessel) or Breathing apparatus or Bunker Surcharge
BA/BB
Buenos Aires/Bahia Blanca Range
BACAT
Barge aboard catamaran
Back and Fill
A technique of tacking when the tide is with the ship but the wind is against it.
Backhaul
A tanker's revenue-producing return voyage. Some ships shuttle between two tankers ports. They travel in one direction as dictated by normal oil flow patterns or refining system's needs. Often, they have no natural employment from when they discharge to their port of origin where another load awaits. They would like to find a cargo to pay their costs on this return trip. Otherwise, they must return in ballast. Charters often relet ships at bargain back haul rates for these voyages. They prefer some income to none.
BACTAP
But As Close To As Possible
BAF
Bunker Adjustment Factor
Baking or Frying Fats (Shortening)
Baking or frying fats are products which meet all of the following conditions - a. manufactured from vegetable oils, meat fats or marine oils, singly or in combination; b. deodorised or hydrogenated and deodorised; c. containing a significant amount of glycerides solid at room temperature, and d. produced and sold entirely or primarily for baking or frying purposes.
Bale Capacity
Bale Capacity -cargo ship space
Ballast
Water taken aboard a vessel to increase its draft, steady its motion, correct its trim, or otherwise make it more seaworthy when sailing without cargo. The trade uses this word to describe repositioning voyages or empty backhauls forced on ship. Hence, phrases appear like "ballasting Trans-Atlantic"
Ballast Bonus
Special payment above the Chartering price when the ship has to sail a long way on ballast to reach the loading port.
Balloon Freight
Light, bulky articles.
